Set Theory and Number Systems - Mathematics (Undergraduate Foundation)

This course establishes the foundational language of mathematics. It covers the core principles of set theory and applies them directly to the structure of the real number system. Mastery of this material is non-negotiable for further study in any quantitative field. The principles of set theory are the structural basis for formal logic, database theory, and computer programming. Understanding number systems as structured sets is the prerequisite for all higher mathematics, including algebra and calculus. This course provides the essential logical framework for these disciplines. By the end of this course, you will be able to use formal notation to define sets and their relationships, perform standard set operations such as union and intersection, use Venn diagrams to analyse set identities, and classify numbers within the real number system. This course is designed for first-year university students of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. It is also required foundational material for any professional in data analysis, software development, or other technical fields requiring rigorous logical thought.

5

6 hrs

Payment required for enrolment
Enrolment valid for 12 months
This course is also part of the following learning track. You may join the track to gain comprehensive knowledge across related courses.
[NUC Core] MTH 101: Elementary Mathematics I - Algebra and Trigonometry
[NUC Core] MTH 101: Elementary Mathematics I - Algebra and Trigonometry
Master the mathematics every scientist, engineer, and computer scientist must know. This track covers the NUC Core syllabus for MTH 101: Elementary Mathematics I. From set theory and sequences to trigonometry and complex numbers, you will gain the exact tools used in higher mathematics, algorithm design, data analysis, physics, and engineering. This programme is for first-year university students in mathematics, computer science, engineering, or physics, as well as serious learners preparing for undergraduate study. It also serves professionals who need a rigorous mathematical foundation for technical fields. By the end, you will handle formal set notation, progressions, quadratic models, combinatorics, induction proofs, binomial expansions, trigonometric analysis, and complex arithmetic. You will be equipped to solve real problems in science, engineering, computing, and finance, and ready for advanced study in calculus, statistics, and applied mathematics.

Master the mathematics every scientist, engineer, and computer scientist must know. This track covers the NUC Core syllabus for MTH 101: Elementary Mathematics I. From set theory and sequences to trigonometry and complex numbers, you will gain the exact tools used in higher mathematics, algorithm design, data analysis, physics, and engineering. This programme is for first-year university students in mathematics, computer science, engineering, or physics, as well as serious learners preparing for undergraduate study. It also serves professionals who need a rigorous mathematical foundation for technical fields. By the end, you will handle formal set notation, progressions, quadratic models, combinatorics, induction proofs, binomial expansions, trigonometric analysis, and complex arithmetic. You will be equipped to solve real problems in science, engineering, computing, and finance, and ready for advanced study in calculus, statistics, and applied mathematics.

Course Chapters

1. Introduction
5
2

This chapter establishes the essential groundwork for the course. It provides precise definitions of a set and its fundamental properties, establishing the correct notation and terminology required for all subsequent material on the subject. Key topics covered are the formal definition of a set, determining a set's cardinality, the distinction between finite and infinite sets, and the roles of the empty and universal sets.

Chapter lessons

1-1. Welcome
3:26

A direct statement on the course's purpose. It establishes the critical role of set theory as the foundational language for all quantitative and logical disciplines.

1-2. What is a set?
9:02

Provides a precise definition of a mathematical set. The lesson covers the two essential methods for describing a set's elements: the roster form and set-builder notation.

1-3. Membership notations
10:15

The membership notation of a set helps us express whether a particular object belongs to a given set or not. Using the symbols ∈ (is an element of) and ∉ (is not an element of), we can clearly show the relationship between elements and sets. By the end of this lesson, students will be able to interpret and use membership notation correctly to identify whether or not an element belongs to a set.

1-6. Finite and infinite sets
18:47

A finite set contains a countable number of elements, whereas an infinite set does not. This lesson defines both types of sets, illustrates them with examples, and explains the significance of distinguishing between the two. It also introduces the concept of cardinality and discusses how it applies to both finite and infinite sets.

1-7. Singleton, empty and universal sets
15:35

This lesson introduces three fundamental types of sets. The singleton set contains exactly one element. The empty set (or null set) contains no elements at all. The universal set includes all elements under consideration in a given context or problem. Understanding these special sets is essential, as they form the foundation for more advanced ideas in set theory.

2. Set Inclusion, Sets of Numbers and Power Sets
4
3

This chapter examines the relationships between sets. It covers the concepts of subsets and set equality, which are essential for comparing sets, and introduces the power set, a fundamental structure in advanced mathematics. Topics include defining subsets and proper subsets, verifying set equality, and constructing the power set of a given set. Worked examples demonstrate these core skills.

Chapter lessons

2-1. Subsets and equality
17:55

This lesson explains the concept of a subset, where all elements of one set are contained within another. The distinction between a subset and a proper subset is clarified. Equality of sets are explained in terms of subsets.

2-2. Basic theorem on empty set
7:45

Here, we prove that an empty set is a subset of every set.

2-3. Sets of numbers
16:10

In this lesson, we define the sets of natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers and real numbers along with their relationship using set inclusion. Standard notations for describing these sets are also mentioned.

2-4. The power set
7:33

Introduces the power set of a given set A as the set of all possible subsets of A. The notation and its relationship to cardinality are covered.

3. Basic Operations on Sets
7
1

This chapter details the primary operations used to combine and modify sets. It provides the formal framework for manipulating sets, a skill essential for logic and problem-solving. Key operations covered are union, intersection, and complement. Their formal definitions, properties, and direct applications in worked calculations are demonstrated.

Chapter lessons

3-1. The union of sets
7:11

Defines the union of two or more sets as the set containing all elements from the original sets. It covers the notation and fundamental properties of the union operation.

3-2. The intersection of sets
6:21

Defines the intersection of sets as the set containing only the elements common to all original sets. Notation and properties are detailed.

3-3. Finite union
7:40

This lesson defines the finite union. It demonstrates the notation and method for combining a finite number of sets into a single set, with duplicate elements removed.

3-4. Finite intersection
9:36

This lesson defines the finite intersection and disjoint sets. It covers the notation and method for identifying all elements common to a finite collection of sets.

3-5. The complement of a set
10:27

Covers the definition of the complement of a set relative to a universal set. It explains how to determine the elements not present in a given set.

3-6. Difference of sets
10:37

This lesson defines the set difference operation. It covers the notation and method for creating a set containing only the elements of one set that are not in another.

3-7. Symmetric difference of sets
10:35

This lesson defines the symmetric difference of two sets. It covers the notation and method for identifying the set of elements present in exactly one of the two sets.

4. Venn Diagrams
3
4

This chapter introduces Venn diagrams as the standard method for the visual representation of sets. This tool is critical for translating abstract set notation into a concrete graphical form for analysis. Topics include representing sets visually, analysing relationships, solving cardinality problems for two and three sets, and using diagrams to prove identities.

Chapter lessons

4-1. Introduction
11:18

This lesson defines the Venn diagram as the standard tool for visually representing sets and their relationships. We will establish the fundamental conventions required to translate abstract set notation into a clear graphical format for analysis.

4-2. Proving De Morgan's laws
11:41

This lesson covers De Morgan's Laws, using Venn diagrams for visual proof. Master this graphical method to confirm abstract set identities and verify the results of complement and intersection/union operations.

4-3. Representation of three sets
9:54

This lesson details the standard construction for a three-set Venn diagram. We will identify and define five unique regions created by their intersection. Mastery of this model is required for solving complex cardinality problems.

5. Conclusion
1

This chapter consolidates the core concepts of the course. It provides a structured summary of set theory and the real number system, reinforcing the essential principles required for progression. The conclusion summarises key definitions and operations. It also outlines how these concepts will be applied directly in subsequent mathematics and computer science courses.

Chapter lessons

5-1. Summary
7:56

A concise review of the key definitions, notations, and operations covered in the course. This lesson ensures all foundational material has been consolidated.